The key to boat speed is feel. Feel is achieved through a combination of sail trim,
boat balance and course steered which results in the correct amount of weather
helm feel for any given wind and wave condition.

To Increase Weather Helm Feel By
(or decrease by using opposite of below)

• Move body weight forward.
• Move body weight to leeward.
• Sheet boom further to windward.
• Sheet tighter on mainsail leach.
• Ease off outhaul for fuller mainsail .
• Ease off cunningham so draft moves aft.
• Straighten mast by reducing pre-bend for fuller mainsail.
• Move centreboard forward.
• Rake rudder more aft.
• Steer a course further away from wind than the sails are trimmed

the boat is balanced for.

Natural feel can really only be learnt by time spent sailing (especially in small
dinghies starting at an early age). A sailor with feel will automatically make
adjustments without even knowing the reasons. The late starter may have to
think why a certain adjustment is necessary.

For the best results you need to combine natural feel with a good understanding
of what is fast and the reasons some combinations work better than others.
What is obvious is that variables - course steered, sail trim and boat balance
are all completely dependent upon each other for best speed.

Light wind Boat speed 0-5 knots

Upwind: The key points are to increase weather helm and create efficient
wind flow over sails. Body and helm movements must be super smooth so as
not to disturb wind and water flow. It is critical to remain calm, both mentally
and physically (this is not easy as you often have to remain in the same position
for long periods).
Use mast pre-bend and outhaul to flatten mainsail.
 

Tighter rig tension will pre-bend the mast (for dinghies)

or ease rig tension to power up head sail for racing keelboats.
 

Have both jib and main luffs eased to create a few horizontal wrinkles,

allowing the draft to move aft for better light air sail shapes.
 

Sheet both main and jib with twist to leeward on leaches to help wind flow.

 

Be careful not to over sheet the boom. Use the boom well off the centre line

in very light breezes and only when sure of your boat speed, attempt to
sheet further inboard. Boom down for further drive.
 

Keep jib slot open and flowing, remember boom is further to leeward than usual.

 

Rake rudder aft and centreboard maximum forward to increase weather helm feel.

 

Position crew weight to leeward and forward to create more weather helm and

reduce wetted hull surface. Crew should be careful not to disturb wind flow in
the slot between the jib and mainsail.

Reaching: The same principles apply as for upwind, i.e. best wind flow by having
luff wrinkles slightly backing, combined with good helm feel. For double handed
boats the key is your use of the spinnaker and pole height combined with course
steered.

You need to position the pole higher when tight reaching as this opens up the
spinnaker luff allowing you to point up higher into the wind. If your course is
low then your pole height must also be low in order to keep the spinnaker filling.
The helmsman must then decide just how low he can afford to steer and still
fill the spinnaker. Good communication with the trimmer. The helmsman must
be able to subconsciously feel the weight of the spinnaker sheet. The weight
decreases to the point of the spinnaker collapsing, then the helmsman must
steer a slightly higher course and maintain the balance between good speed
and best course to mark. Using the variations in wind speed is critical to fast
reaching legs i.e. pointing down in the puffs and up in the lulls.

Running: In very light airs running utilizes the same principles as broad reaching
or low course reaches, finding the right combination of boat speed versus best
course to mark. As wind increases your gybing angles should become smaller,
allowing you to steer more directly downwind.
 

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